Sample Nurse Practice Tests 2 

1. Cells in the pancreas that secrete glucagon and insulin are which of the following?

• a.  A and B cells
• b.  acinar cells
• c.  D cells 
• d. pancreatic D1 cells
• e. pancreatic polypeptide cells

2. A 57-year-old female patient has suffered a major stroke and as a result is in a coma. The attending neurologist is very concerned because the patient is developing ataxic breathing. The pneumotaxic center and apneustic centers of the brain are located in which of the following?

• a. diencephalon
• b. midbrain 
• c.  pons
• d.  spinal cord
• e.  telencephalon

3. A 14-year-old boy presents with weight loss and diarrhea. His tongue becomes sore and blistery after eating oatmeal or rye bread, which leads to the diagnosis of celiac disease. The boy and his parents are advised to be sensitive to symptoms of tetany and paresthesias, since they can occur as a consequence of malabsorption of which of the following?

• a. calcium
• b. carbohydrates
• c. fat
• d. iron
• e. water

4. Lack of oxygen (hypoxia) will cause reflex vasoconstriction in the circulation supplying which of the following organs?

• a. brain
• b. heart muscle
• c. kidney
• d. lungs
• e. skeletal muscle

5. A patient with newly diagnosed schizophrenia is given chlorpromazine. It is a drug that has amongst other effects moderate anticholinergic activity. As a consequence, which of the following is an expected side effect of this medication?

• a. bradycardia
• b. decreased GI sphincter tone
• c.  dry mouth
• d.  emptying of urinary bladder
• e. increased GI motility

6. Which of the following statements concerning total body energy storage is correct?

• (A) Most of the body’s energy store is held as carbohydrate.
• (B) Most of the body’s energy store is held as lipid.
• (C) Most of the body’s energy store is held as plasma glucose.
• (D) Most of the body’s energy store is held as protein.
• (E) Total body’s energy storage approximately equals resting metabolic rate.

7. Heparin is a rapidly acting, potent anticoagulant that has many important clinical uses.Which of the following is an action of heparin?

• (A) activates prothrombin
• (B) acts with antithrombin to inhibit thrombin activity
• (C) decreases prothrombin time
• (D) inhibits calcium action
• (E) promotes vitamin K activity

8. Following an automobile accident a patient suffers a pelvic fracture and significant internal blood loss resulting in hemorrhagic shock. Which of the following organs has the largest specific blood flow (blood flow per gram of tissue) under resting conditions and is especially vulnerable during the shock phase?

• (A) brain
• (B) heart muscle
• (C) kidneys
• (D) skeletal muscle
• (E) skin

9. A 68-year-old woman presents with sleep disturbances and memory loss. After careful analysis, she is diagnosed with early stages of Alzheimer’s disease. Her pharmacological treatment plan includes acetylcholine esterase inhibitors. One week after starting treatment, the woman’s daughter calls in, reporting that her mom has developed new symptoms that might be related to her new medicine. Which of the following is a likely side effect of the drug?

• (A) dry mouth
• (B) forgetting to urinate
• (C) muscle weakness
• (D) nausea and diarrhea
• (E) vertigo

10. A 52-year-old woman has had rheumatoid arthritis for many years. She now comes to you complaining of the development in the past few months of redness, burning, and itching of her eyes and a dry mouth, making swallowing difficult. This newly developing condition gives the patient a greatly increased risk for which of the following?

• (A) esophageal carcinoma
• (B) leukemia
• (C) lymphoma
• (D) melanoma
• (E) pleomorphic adenoma

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Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

Source: Trophoblast of placenta

Function:

• Maintains the corpus luteum for the 1^st trimester because it acts like LH but is not susceptible to feedback regulation from estrogen and progesterone. In the 2^nd and 3^rd trimester, the placenta synthesizes its own estrogen and progesterone. As a result, the corpus luteum degenerates.
• Used to detect the pregnancy because it appears in the urine 8 days after successful fertilization (blood and urine tests available). But the presence of hCG in pregnancy test will still be classified as probably sign of pregnancy. (Read number 3 for another reason why it’s considered to as probably sign.
• Elevated hCG in women with hydatidiform mole or choriocarcinoma.
• It is used medically to induce ovulation and to treat male hypogonadism and cryptorchidism, and is produced in certain cancers (as of the testes). The fact that exogenous HCG has characteristics almost identical to those of the luteinizing hormone (LH) which, as mentioned, is produced in the hypophysis, makes HCG so very interesting for athletes. In a man the luteinizing hormone stimulates the Leydig’s cells in the testes; this in turn stimulates production of androgenic hormones (testosterone). For this reason athletes use injectable HCG to increase the testosterone production.

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Downloading the file is the next best thing to do! Download them here!

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Another Nursing / Medical Mnemonics brought to you by NursingBulletin.com

Let me just tell you this: I had a difficulty of understanding them before. My mind was really polluted and I couldn’t even focus. Until I decided to have a mnemonics on this. What works for me might work for you too.

1. Pulmonary stenosis
2. RVH
3. Overriding aorta (overrides the VSD)
4. VSD
This leads to Early cyanosis from a R-to-L shunt across the VSD. On x-ray, boot-shaped heart due to RVH.
Patients suffer “cyanotic spells.”
The cause of tetralogy of Fallot is anterosuperior displacement of the infundibular septum.

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To access my previous post about Cataract, pls click here

Notes on Cataract, (2)

Who is at risk for cataract?
The risk of cataract increases as you get older. Other risk factors for cataract include:
• Certain diseases (diabetes, hypoparathyroidism)
• Personal behavior (smoking and alcohol use)
• The environment (prolonged exposure to ultraviolet sunlight)

What are the symptoms of a cataract?
The most common symptoms of a cataract are:
• Cloudy or blurry vision.
• Colors seem faded.
• Glare, Headlights, lamps, or sunlight may appear too bright. A halo may appear around lights.
• Poor night vision.
• Double vision or multiple images in one eye. (This symptom may clear as the cataract gets larger.)
• Frequent prescription changes in your eyeglasses or contact lenses.

These symptoms also can be a sign of other eye problems. If you have any of these symptoms, check with your eye care professional. (more…)

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CATARACT:

A cataract is a clouding of the lens in the eye that affects vision. Most cataracts are related to aging. Cataracts are very common in older people. A cataract can occur in either or both eyes. It cannot spread from one eye to the other.

What is the LENS?

The lens is a clear part of the eye that helps to focus light, or an image, on the retina. The retina is the light-sensitive at the back of the eye.

In a normal eye, light passes through the transparent lens to the retina. Once it reaches the retina, light is changed into nerve signals that are sent to the brain.

The lens must be clear for the retina to receive a sharp image. If the lens is cloudy from a cataract, the image you see will be blurred.

How do cataracts develop? Age-related cataracts develop in two ways:

1. Clumps of protein reduce the sharpness of the image reaching the retina.

The lens consists mostly of water and protein. When the protein clumps up, it clouds the lens and reduces the light that reaches the retina. The clouding may become severe enough to cause blurred vision. Most age-related cataracts develop from protein clumpings.

When a cataract is small, the cloudiness affects only a small part of the lens. You may not notice any changes in your vision. Cataracts tend to “grow” slowly, so vision gets worse gradually. Over time, the cloudy area in the lens may get larger, and the cataract may increase in size. Seeing may become difficult. Your vision may get duller or blurrier.

2. The clear lens slowly changes to a yellowish/ brownish color, adding a brownish tint to vision.

As the clear lens slowly colors with age, your vision gradually may acquire a brownish shade. At first, the amount of tinting may be small and may not cause a vision problem. Over time, increased tinting may make it more difficult to read and perform other routine activities. This gradual change in the amount of tinting does not affect the sharpness of the image transmitted to the retina.

If you have advanced lens discoloration, you may not be able to identify blue and purples. You may be wearing what you believe to be a pair of black socks, only to find out from friends that you are wearing purple socks.

(more…)

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Musculoskeletal Handouts:

This covers the basic notes on Musculosketal System, Diagnostic Tests and Other Related Disorders.

(You can now download the notes after the jump) (more…)

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I happen to share my mnemonics about the Cranial Nerve Function and Abnormalities, and now I’m doing it again.

Admit it or not, sometimes we have difficulty learning new things. Mnemonics are very important. They help us to associate new things just learned or merely a technique to get ahead on exams. Just a recap on Atrioventricular (AV) Valve: It has two valves under it, namely: Bicuspid (Mitral) and Tricuspid.

AV Valve

The AV valves are thin structures that are composed of the endocardium and connective tissue. It ensure blood flows from the atria to the ventricles, and not the other way.

Bicuspid Valve

Also known as the mitral valve. It prevents blood flowing from the left ventricle into the left atrium . It is on the left side of the heart and has two cusps.

Tricuspid Valve

The tricuspid valve is on the right side of the heart, between the right atrium and the right ventricles which stops the backflow of blood between the two.

So, where’s the LAB RAT? Here is it:

LA: Left Atrium B: Bicuspid = LAB

RA: Right Atrium T: Tricuspid = RAT

This is the season of love. Haha

Keep sharing our website: www.nursingbulletin.com

Thank You!

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Dear Readers,

I quoted in my previous post, “A Weeklong of Cystic Fibrosis,” that I’ll be discussing about the Cystic Fibrosis (CF) - Autosomal Recessive:

So I’ll just outline the important info about Autosomal Recessive:

Normally, Each of us inherits two cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) genes, one from each parent.

• Children who inherit an abnormal CFTR gene from each parent will have CF.
• Children who inherit an abnormal CFTR gene from one parent and a normal CFTR gene from the other parent will not have CF. They will be CF carriers.

(more…)

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